The Murders of Terrance Rankins and Eric Glover

On Jan. 9, 2014, Eric Glover and Terrance Rankins were invited to a home on North Hickory Street in Joliet, Illinois where Alisa Massaro, Bethany McKee, Joshua Miner and Adam Landerman were having a party. Glover and Rankins were killed and robbed of $120. Here are the fact surrounding the double-murder case. Adam Landerman Found Guilty June 15, 2015 - The fourth defendant charged with luring two black men to a house in Joliet, Illinois to rob and murder them has been found guilty. Adam Landerman, son of a Joliet police officer, was found guilty of the 2013 deaths of Terrance Ranking and Eric Glover. Testimony at his jury trial showed that Landerman strangled Glover while co-defendant Joshua Miner strangled Rankins. Landerman admitted to police that he took part in the plan to rob the two alleged marijuana dealers. Joshua Minor was the mastermind behind the plan to rob the two men. Landerman told police that he told Minor that he did not want to be involved in the robbery, but if a scuffle ensued, he would have Minors back. When sentenced, Landerman will face a mandatory life sentence. Minor and Bethany McKee both received life sentences after being found guilty last year in bench trials. The fourth defendant, Alisa Massaro, received a 10-year sentence in a plea deal in which she agreed to testify against the others. However, she only testified in McKees trial. The crime took place at Massaros home. Joshua Minor Found Guilty Oct. 8, 2014 - A judge has found another defendant guilty in the case known as the Nightmare on Hickory Street. Joshua Miner was found guilty of the murders of Eric Glover and Terrance Rankins after he declined a trial by jury. Will County Judge Gerald Kinney found Minor guilty of six counts of first-degree murder. The evidence presented at trial leaves little, if any, doubt that this defendant caused the death of Terrance Rankins, Judge Kinney said. The defendant admits that he planned to rob the individuals. He faces a mandatory life sentence. Joshua Miner Waves Jury Trial Sept. 22, 2014 - The alleged mastermind of a plot to lure two men to a party at a home in Joliet, Illinois so that they could be killed and robbed is facing a bench trial this week for the murders of Eric Glover and Terrance Rankins. As jury selection was about to begin Monday, Joshua Miner waved his right to a trial by jury and is being tried before the same judge that found co-defendant Bethany McKee guilty in an earlier bench trial. In early testimony, police officers said that when they arrived at the scene, Miner told them he killed one of the victims and co-defendant Adam Landerman killed the other. Alisa Massaro, who accepted a plea deal for a lesser charge, is expected to testify in Miners trial, which is expected to last one week. Bethany McKee Guilty of Murder Aug. 29, 2014 - A 20-year-old Illinois woman has been found guilty of two counts of first-degree murder for her part in the deaths of two 22-year-old black men. Will County Judge Gerald Kinney found Bethany McKee guilty in the deaths of Eric Glover and Terrance Rankins in a house in Joliet. Judge Kinney said McKee played a key role in luring the two men to the house so that they could be killed and robbed. Closing arguments were presented in McKees bench trial on August 12. Judge Kinney said at the time he would issue a verdict on Aug. 29. A review of those facts shows a stunning lack of respect for human life as well as a stunning lack of concern for the consequences of taking two human lives, Kinney said. In this ruling, Kinney said McKee had many opportunities to back out of the plot, but instead talked with co-defendants about getting rid of the bodies and spent her share of the money stolen from the victims. The defense had argued that McKee wasnt in the room when the two were killed. Defense attorney Chuck Bretz said McKee made poor decisions after the murders, but she was not guilty of murder. Two other defendants - Joshua Miner, 26, and Adam Landerman, 21 - still face trial. They are accused of actually strangling the two men. A fourth defendant, Alisa Massaro, pleaded guilty to lesser charges after agreeing to testify against the others. When McKee is sentenced Oct. 16, she will face a mandatory life-without-parole sentence under Illinois law. Trial Set for Bethany McKee Aug. 5, 2014 - Trial will begin next week for 20-year-old Bethany McKee, one of four suspects accused of the murder and robbery of Eric Glover and Terrance Rankins, who were killed in Joliet, Illinois last year. McKee was arrested along with Joshua Miner, 26, Adam Landerman, 21, and Alisa Massaro, 22, for the murders of the two black men, which took place at Massaros home. McKee claims she left the party before the murders took place and that Glover and Rankins were still alive when she left. Alisa Massaro pleaded guilty in May to robbery and concealment of a homicide in a deal that gave her a 10-year sentence. She is expected to testify in McKees trial next week. Miners Statements Ruled Admissible June 19, 2014 - Statements made to police by one of the four defendants, accused of luring two 22-year-old black men to a home where they were killed and robbed, can be used against him in his trial. A judge has ruled that statements given to police by Joshua Miner, one of the defendants charged with the murders of Eric Glover and Terrance Rankins are admissible and can be used against him in court. Miner, Adam Landerman, 20; Bethany McKee, 19; and Alisa Massaro, 20; are accused of alluring Glover and Rankins - both 22 - to Massaros house where they were killed and robbed of money and drugs. Lea Norbut, Miners attorney, had argued that Miner, 25, should have been provided with an attorney after he inquired about one during the interviews with investigators. Prosecutor John Connor argued, and the judge agreed, that Miner was informed of his right to have an attorney and he waived that right and spoke to police willingly. Massaro took a plea deal and was sentenced to 10 years in May. McKees trial is scheduled to begin July 21. Woman Gets 10 Years in Double Murder Plea Deal May 23, 2014 - A 20-year-old Illinois woman has been given a 10-year prison sentence to reduced charges in a double homicide case in exchange for her testimony against her three co-defendants. Alissa Massaro pleaded guilty to four felony charges in connection with the deaths of Terrance Rankins and Eric Glover in 2013. She pleaded guilty to two counts of robbery and two counts of concealment of a homicide. Prosecutors said that Massaro and her three co-defendants - Joshua Miner, 25; Adam Landerman, 20; and Bethany McKee, 19 - lured the victims to Massaros house in January 2013. Rankins and Glover, both 22 years old, were strangled and they were robbed of the money and drugs found on their dead bodies. Planned to Dismember Bodies In previous statements, prosecutors said that Massaro and Miner callously played video games and partied after the murders. Police reports also revealed that they planned to dismember the victims bodies before disposing of them. Although the murders took place at Massaros home, 40 miles southwest of Chicago in Joliet, prosecutor Dan Walsh told the court that the actual killings took place outside of Massaros presence. Walsh did say that Massaro did not alter authorities or her father about the crime. Credit for Time Served Technically, Massaro will serve two consecutive five-year sentences on the robbery charges and serve two consecutive three-year sentences for concealing the crimes concurrently with the robbery sentences. She will be given credit for the 16 months she served in jail awaiting trial. George Lenard, Massaros attorney, said her plea deal was based on the evidence in the case and her willingness to testify against the others. If the others go to trial, and if she is called as a witness, she will testify truthfully, Lenard told reporters. Plea Deal Surprised Other Defendants Miner, Landerman, and McKee all still face first-degree murder charges. In a hearing last week, a prosecution motion to have each of them tried separately was granted by Judge Gerald Kinney. According to news reports, Massaros plea deal came as a surprise to the other defendants, especially 19-year-old McKee, who was seen crying when she learned of the deal. Bill McKee, her father, said the deal was a shock because his daughter has not been approached about a plea bargain even though, he said, he was not in the house at the time of the murders. McKee Told Her Father McKee said his daughter left the Massaros home before the slayings and she told him that Rankins and Glover were still alive when she left. When she left the house, she called her father and told him about the situation and it was McKee that called the police. McKee was arrested later at her Shorewood home, while the other three were arrested at the scene, McKee said. Police reports at the time said the three were still partying while the two victims were lying dead in the North Hickory Street home. Miner to Be Tried First I think its sad, Bill McKee told reporters. The sentence she got, its reprehensible. After winning the motion to try the three remaining defendants separately, prosecutors decided to put Miner on trial first. No date has been set for his trial. The three defendants are scheduled for another hearing on June 16. Sources CBS News:Â  Illinois Woman Takes Plea, Gets 10 Years for Double MurderChicago Tribune:Â  Defendants in Joliet Double-Homicide to Be Tried Separately

Abraham Lincoln and the Gettysburg Address - 1685 Words

Abraham Lincoln and the Gettysburg Address History remembers Abraham Lincoln as one of the greatest leaders. He has made many significant contributions to the history of the United States and is considered one of the greatest presidents. He sacrificed himself for what he believed in, even if it meant starting a war against his own country. He believed in equality for everyone and that all men were created equal. As president he is best remembered for leading the Union through the Civil War and freeing Confederate slaves with the 1863 Emancipation Proclamation and for delivering the Gettysburg Address, the most famous oration in American history, on 19 November 1863. But out of all of them, his greatest contribution was the Gettysburg†¦show more content†¦Despite his struggles in life and the background he came from, he did the best he could for his nation and shown people that they can overcome any obstacles if you set your mind to it. â€Å"From crude, disadvantaged begi nnings, he somehow recognized significant capabilities within himself and nurtured a determination to succeed.†(Abraham Lincoln, George McGovern) His famous Gettysburg Address was delivered on November 19, 1693, at the battlefield cemetery at Gettysburg , Pennsylvania . A wealthy attorney, David Wills, was planning to dedicate the cemetery to those who lost their lives fighting in the Civil War, and invited Lincoln to be a guest speaker at the ceremony. He paid tribute to the American soldiers who fought in the Battle of Gettysburg, a turning point in the Civil War, but he also gave a new meaning, a broader definition, to the Civil War. He called it a â€Å"new birth of freedom† and related the principles behind the Declaration of Independence of freedom and equality. These were the principles on which America was founded, and he emphasized that they should not forget them. The speech began as â€Å"Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal†¦Ã¢â‚¬  meaning he believed that the creation of the US was designed for freedoms ofShow MoreRelatedThe Gettysburg Address By Abraham Lincoln1289 Words   |  6 Pagesimportant than the actual battle. This speech is- The Gettysburg Address, given by Abraham Lincoln the Sixteenth President of the United States. The war had broken out during his second year in office of only his first term. It was a short speech only about two minutes; although, it has a gigantic impact the hearts of many even up to the current day. The sixteenth president shall be remembered for this address. If you think about Abraham Lincoln, you think of someone who loved African-AmericansRead MoreThe Gettysburg Address By Abraham Lincoln1370 Words   |  6 Pagesraces including white and black. Abraham Lincoln was the president during this era and knew he had to put an end to this but didn’t have a solution to solve it. When the United States was founded everything was as simple as it could get but as the years went it started getting more complex, and Lincoln noticed that. The Gettysburg Address is a speech by Abraham Lincoln known as one of the best speeches in American history. One reason why President Abraham Lincoln did this speech was to start theRead MoreThe Gettysburg Address by Abraham Lincoln546 Words   |  2 PagesThe Gettysburg address is a very intriguing speech delivered by Abraham Lincoln. This speech touched bases on the many lives that have been lost during the civil war. This speech gained atten tion because it considered the impact that was made in the country’s history. Abraham did not want to forget the lives that were lost, but indeed give a dedication to the fallen soldiers. â€Å"It is for us the living, rather to be dedicated to the unfinished work which who they fought here have thus far so noblyRead MoreAbraham Lincoln And The Gettysburg Address1152 Words   |  5 PagesAbraham Lincoln was born on Feb. 12, 1809, in Hardin, now known as larue, County Kentucky. Lincoln got married in 1842 to Mary Todd. His children were Robert Todd, Edward Baker, William Wallace, and Thomas III. Abraham was in office from 1834-1842. Abraham Lincoln died at age 56, april 15, 1865. The Republican Party met in Chicago to select a candidate. They took the chance now because of the democrats in turmoil. They needed someone who would help the north and also win most of the electoral collegesRead MoreThe Gettysburg Address By President Abraham Lincoln1221 Words   |  5 PagesThe Gettysburg Address was a speech composed and addressed by President Abraham Lincoln in 1863, at the time of the political fight in Gettysburg Pennsylvania. At that time, Abraham Lincoln was the President of the United States. He was also the President who led America through the Civil War. During the Civil War, at Gettysburg, some soldiers died protecting the nation. This was mentioned in Lincoln’s speech, which was meant to be dedicated to the soldiers who died defending their people. He spokeRead MoreThe Nature Of The Gettysburg Address By Abraham Lincoln741 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"The Gettysburg Address† is a speech by the President of United States, Abraham Lincoln, w hich is one of the best representations of American history. It was produced by Lincoln during the Civil War, on November 19, 1863, at the commitment of the Soldiers’ National Cemetery in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. Abraham Lincoln carefully arranges the Address, which was not planned to be as important as other presentations that day; the Gettysburg Address ended up being one of his greatest and most importantRead MoreEssay on Abraham Lincoln and the Gettysburg Address1293 Words   |  6 Pagesbetterment of our great country, the United States of America. Yet there was one name that resounded in my classrooms, and in my ears. That name was Abraham Lincoln. As a child, I had heard of great things this man had done, and wonderful things he had said. Of the many great things said by Abraham Lincoln, I recall most vividly the Gettysburg address, given on November 19, 1863. Listening to the words of my teachers and reading from my textbooks about this great man who had done great things, madeRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of The Gettysburg Address By Abraham Lincoln813 Words   |  4 PagesKatrina Ta Giang 22 December 2017 AP Language and Composition(7) Mrs. Faumuina Speech Analysis Essay: The Gettysburg Address by Abraham Lincoln â€Å"The Battle of Gettysburg, fought from July 1 to July 3, 1863, is considered the most important engagement of the American Civil War†(History). It was a battle in Gettysburg Pennsylvania, consisting of the Union Army and the Confederate Army. The main purpose behind this battle was due to â€Å"Robert E. Lees plan to invade the North and force an immediateRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Abraham Lincoln s Gettysburg Address981 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Fourscore and seven years ago†¦Ã¢â‚¬  is the statement in which Abraham Lincoln started â€Å"The Gettysburg Address†.152 years ago, Lincoln delivered this well-known speech in front of an audience who was searching for help during a time of war. Some may believe it was not an inspiration why others will say it was. To some Americans, it might have even brought faith. Just like any other work, this essay was composed of a rhetorical situation and rhetorical devices; which can be broken down into specific fa ctorsRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Abraham Lincoln s Gettysburg Address 1669 Words   |  7 PagesZoraa Lutas QUESTION 1 Abraham Lincoln speech given at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania on November 19, 1863 was described by Senator Charles Sumner, in 1865, stating â€Å"the battle itself was less important than the speech.† Explain. U.S. President Abraham Lincoln was not given the spotlight at the Soldiers’ National Cemetery on November 19, 1863, and was instead invited to give a few remarks. In fact Edward Everett’s speech would have been the official ‘Gettysburg Address’ was it not for its two hours

How English Language Has Brought Change to Urdu Language Free Essays

As my group and I interviewed Amjad Islam Amjad we got to know several reasons for the changes that English has brought to the Urdu language over the period of time. The two I will be discussing are: * Differences in schooling. * Government role in making English as an official language. We will write a custom essay sample on How English Language Has Brought Change to Urdu Language or any similar topic only for you Order Now However these two reasons are interlinked. At sir Amjad’s time English was taught like a foreign language in schools, after the 5th or 6th grade and now it is taught since prep. In fact when a child is taken for an admission he/she is interviewed in English language and is expected to answer in English as well. Before people could easily and fluently interact in Urdu language and children could speak in Urdu without any code mixing and code switching. They had a command over their mother language but today translations into Urdu are even more difficult than English and are understood by even fewer people. Especially, children and young people find it easier to use English. The current generation believes that Urdu language brings orthodoxy and limits their scope and vision. To date, when a child enters the learning stage, he is taught words and things in English. Indeed parents try to use as much English vocabulary as they can so that their child learns and speaks the higher language of the society. Analysing the government’s part in bringing a change in the Urdu language, we see that it has played a vital role by declaring English as the official language. It should not be so; people have actually become confused about their mother language, first language and the second language. The Advisory Board of Education in its first meeting in 1948 had resolved that the mother tongue should be the medium of instruction at the primary stage. Also, a number of institutions were established or supported by the State to do basic work in Urdu: from coining new terms, to translations, to developing new tools and techniques to speed up its adoption as an official language. The Sharif Commission, formed in 1959, had recommended that both Urdu be used as a medium of instruction from Class VI onward and in this way, in about fifteen years, Urdu would reach a point of development where it would become the medium of instruction at the university level. The Commission clearly stated that until Urdu was ready to replace English, English should continue to be used for advanced study and research. Now, this statement served a purpose. It allowed confusion to take root in terms of how and when and by whom it would be determined that Urdu was ready to replace English. This was a convenient method of maintaining the status quo and English was given a fifteen-year lease. The 1973 Constitution of the Republic was propagated with Article 251 stating: (1) The National language of Pakistan is Urdu, and arrangements shall be made for its being used for official and other purposes within fifteen years from the commencing day. 2) Subject to clause (1), the English language may be used for official purposes until arrangements are made for its replacement by Urdu. The timing of the Constitution coincides with the lapse of the fifteen year lease given to English by the Sharif Commission and hence refreshes that lease for another fifteen years. The contradiction that emerged in Bhutto’s era was that on the one hand, he propagated a socialist ideology, nationalized industry and education, and stood for the rights of the po or. On the other hand, he did not make any effort to change the official language to include the poor in decision making. The elected governments of Benazir and Nawaz Sharif continued with parallel education systems and encouraged private sector English medium schools and higher educational institutions. One step that Benazir’s first government took was the introduction of English as a compulsory subject from Class I in all government schools on the plea that it would enhance opportunities for poor children. The implementation remained weak because there was no quality teaching available. In all parts of Pakistan, more public and private institutions are coming up and promoting the use of English. The recently held national education conference in Islamabad, attended by both the President and the Prime Minister, saw no single change in the government’s policy on language education and the medium of instruction. The primary issue is not the choice of a medium or various mediums of instruction. It is the language in which the affairs of the state are managed, legislation is drafted and decisions are made. How to cite How English Language Has Brought Change to Urdu Language, Essays

Midterm Sample free essay sample

The experience curve refers to the a. learning by doing technique. b. companys overall experience in a particular industry. c. systematic lowering of the cost structure and unit cost reductions. d. diseconomies of scale caused by inexperienced workers. e. increases in unit costs experienced over time. 4. Most embryonic industries arise from a. a technological breakthrough. b. serendipity. c. patents. d. government research. e. university research and development programs. 5. In general, different markets a. develop at similar rates. b. evelop at different rates. c. develop at lower than anticipated rates. d. develop at higher than anticipated rates. e. none of these choices. 6. Which of the following factors tends to accelerate customer demand for a product? a. The products relative advantage b. The products compatibility c. The simplicity of the products use d. The degree to which a product can be experimented with e. All of these choices ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ 2 Name: ___________ _____________ ____ 7. We will write a custom essay sample on Midterm Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The razor-and-blade strategy was pioneered by a. Procter Gamble. . Sony. c. Toyota. d. Ford. e. Gillette. 8. A localization strategy is based on which of the following ideas? a. There is a convergence in the tastes of consumers in different nations of the world. b. There are substantial economies of scale to be realized from centralizing global production. c. Consumer tastes and preferences differ among national markets. d. There are cost advantages associated with manufacturing a standard product for global consumption. e. Competitive strategy should be centralized at the world head office. . Disadvantages of a global strategy include a. lack of local responsiveness. b. inability to engage in global strategic coordination. c. failure to exploit experience curve effects. d. lack of control over quality. e. inability to realize location economies. ID: A ____ ____ ____ 10. A company pursuing a strategy of vertical integration may expand its operations a. backward into an industry that produces inputs for the companys products. b. forward into an industry that uses, distributes, or sells the companys products. c. aterally into an industry that competes with the companys products. d. A and B. e. A and C. 2 ID: A BUS 478 Midterm Sample Questions Answer Section MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: E B C A B E E C A D PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: p. 60 p. 60 p. 113 p. 183 p. 188 p. 189-190 p. 222 p. 263 p. 266 p. 295 OBJ: OBJ: OBJ: OBJ: OBJ: OBJ: OBJ: OBJ: OBJ: OBJ: 2. 3 2. 3 4. 1 6. 3 6. 3 6. 3 7. 2 8. 3 8. 4 9. 3 | 9. 4 | 9. 5 1

A Comparison Between Jane Eyre And Fanny Price Essays - Free Essays

A Comparison Between Jane Eyre And Fanny Price Essays - Free Essays A Comparison Between Jane Eyre And Fanny Price A comparison between Jane Eyre and Fanny Price There are many things that can be compared between Jane Eyre and Fanny Price, and I will focus on the fact that they are both orphans that grow up to be independent women. The two are so different yet also so much the same. In the following analysis, I will compare these two characters and decide who can be viewed as the stronger character. To start, we can say that both Jane and Fanny are orphans. They are both sent to live with family and destined to become outcasts from the start. Jane is not readily accepted by her family. This is also true of Fanny. They are only similar in the fact that they are orphans. Fannys character is different from Jane because Jane is an independent individual. Fanny is much more reserved and independent, while Jane has a much more outspoken personality. Jane Eyre struggles to resist those around her from changing her. Her self-devotion causes her many sufferings, but she survives these and becomes a stronger woman. Jane grows up in a Victorian period where women were not seen as equals. She was born an orphan into a family that had no more room to love another child. Jane faced much resentment in the house, but being the strong-minded character that she is, she confronts Mrs. Reed. She says, I am not deceitful: if I were, I should say I loved you; but I declare that I do not love you: I dislike you the worst of anybody in the world. Jane Eyre grows up questioning authority. She is an independent soul with an independent mind. She will not tolerate being walked over. She shows her strength in all aspects of her life including her love for Rochester. The fact that she is an orphan shows us how the absence of a mother contributes to the void of nurturing, therefore, giving the character possession of internal strength and independence. In Mansfield Park, Fanny can be seen as an orphan as well. She is sent to Mansfield to live with her relatives because her mother is unfit to take care of her. She grows up at Mansfield rejected by her Aunt and as an outcast among her cousins. She is independent but not outspoken. She only finds true friendship with Edmund. She struggles in the beginning to overcome her homesickness, and her longing for her relationship with her brother. Edmund is the only vice that sees her through her struggle. She is not as outspoken as Jane, but she is as strong-minded. She knows what she wants and if she could stand up for herself, she can obtain it. Her determination helps her to gain strength. Self-respect dominates the theme of Jane Eyre, whereas in Mansfield Park the story deals with more moral issues concerning class and family. In Jane Eyre, the idea of gender and class structure is very evident between Jane and Rochester. She is a hardworking governess and he, her much wealthier employer. In Mansfield Park, Fannys interest in Edmund also tests society. For any kind of interest in each other would be wrong during that time. The story itself tests society in ways of the characters going against the duty of their lives. For example, Edmund is jumping out of the lineage by wanting to become a clergyman. Also, his attraction to Fanny and hers to him was considered immoral in 19th century England because of their relationship. Returning back to Jane, we can see how society could feel that her romance with Rochester was wrong. But even Jane is independent enough to leave him when he threatens her beliefs. She remains true to her beliefs, no matter what. Even when that means spending three days wandering around and almost dying for her choices. One theme that remains true to both novels is that both stories defy the norms of society. In Mansfield Park, the characters go against all duties and the idea of the structure of family. The theatrical in the book even furthers their attempts to do everything against what it right and moral at that time. In Jane Eyre, there are some

The effects of Superphosphate on plants and the environment Essays

The effects of Superphosphate on plants and the environment Essays The effects of Superphosphate on plants and the environment Paper The effects of Superphosphate on plants and the environment Paper Superheated is a fertilizer produced by the action of reacting concentrated sulfuric acid on ground phosphate rock. Calcium sulfate is a considerable waste produce of this process. Ca (APP)2 + SHAHS -+ Ca (HAPPY)2 + spectrophotometer used world wide by as a fertilizer the farming industry and gardeners. It increases plant production by as much as 106% as long as the plants are getting the required amount of water for normal plant growth. Super phosphate does little if nothing if there is no rain or agitation so farms living in low rain fall areas tend to use other non water depended fertilizer. It was really bought to the market in the second haft Of the 20th century when an economical way Of spreading it came about. The Development of aerial topdressing in New Zealand started the market off it was liked as the fertilizer could be spread economically over large areas. Now in Australia Superheated is put in with the seed when sowing or spread with Superheated trucks as we are not as hilly as New Zealand. It works by gradually decomposing in the soil, providing soluble phosphorus which is absorbed by roots and Trans located within the plant. Its benefits are t also contains Sulfur in the readily available form of sulfate for plants to take up. This makes it ideal for low fertility and cropping situations. The Calcium in Spermatophyte can be important in some horticultural and hill country situations where it is uneconomic to use lime. Phosphate is found naturally in bird poop or by the action of guano as a result there are large deposits found around sea bird colonies which can be and are mined. Naira an island in the South Pacific is famous for it mining sties much of the soil was mined and much of the environment was destroyed. One of the side affect of using spermatophyte is that earth worms can not live in the spermatophyte soil. As a result super soils will not have the structure and nutrients which worm provide. Large scale spermatophyte use harm some species such as the Giant Spalding earthworm which has been listed as threatened. It has no effect on plants if there is no rain due to the way it releases energy that problem has been over come by applying it dissolved in water but it is more expensive. If surface run off occurs on highly fertilized farming area algal blooms can occur resulting in lack Of oxygen in the water and marine animals and plants can be killed or harmed. If the run-off fertilizer can also kill coral reefs as it makes the mud sticky and the coral can not cope. High analysis phosphate fertilizers. High analysis means that they have higher phosphate content in them (20 percent more) they are called double or triple phosphate. Using phosphoric acid in place or in part replacement of sulfuric acid make the phosphate content higher therefore making a stronger fertilizer. This gives the fertilizer more bang for its buck it means that you only have to ay one bag of triple strength for the same affect of three bags of single strength. Its easier to transport but high concentrated amounts of phosphate can do more harm than good damaging the plant and slowing or stopping growth. Single strength is under a lot of pressure from higher analysis phosphate and as a result demands have flattened and even declining. Only contain 9% phosphate as to 25% in triple strength let it seems that it will stay dominate in pasture application in Australia. Physiotherapists are an important plant nutrient it is what makes Spermatophyte work as it may govern the rate of growth of organisms. Alt is also used in defalcates detergents, metal treatment and animal feeds. By far the largest application is in fertilizers and every year around MM T PA of phosphate rock is produced world wide. Chemistry specking its empirical formula IPPP- and has a molar mass of 94. 973 g/mol. Its structure consists of one central phosphorus atom surrounded by four identical oxygen atoms in a tetrahedral arrangement as shown. It is usually found in the form of adenosine phosphate which contains Adenosine toothpaste (ADAPT) and Adenosine troposphere (TAP) which stores and moves energy. This is what makes Phosphate such a great fertilizer energy chemically stored and it can move to cells faster. Therefore plants grow bigger, better, and faster. Originally ground phosphate was just used for a fertilizer and still is in organic framing. But now after we figured out how to chemically treat it to make Superheated which is much more commonly used. Adenosine tropospheres consist of adenosine which in its self has an adenine ring and a ribose sugar and three phosphates groups (troposphere). It is water soluble but when but is hydrolysis when exposed to high PH. When dissolved in water it is rich in chemical energy. Energy is released when the second bond is broken and water is allowed to react with the two products.

Reviewing Company's Mission Statements Research Paper

Reviewing Company's Mission Statements - Research Paper Example It should also be the standard with which the company is willing to be evaluated. According to Bart and Tabone (1998), mission statements should be ‘enduring, passionate, and lacking in specific quantitative measurements’. However, there are circumstances when a company finds its mission statement outdated and is often misaligned with new business objectives. There are times when a company’s mission statement is no longer â€Å"relevant in addressing to new realities† (Radtke, 2009) and thus be a subject for review to â€Å"reflect changes in institutions, as well as in the environments within which the institutions are called on to function† (Bart & Tabone, 1998). This paper examines such instances when companies modify and alter their mission statements in accordance to the changes in corporate values and the business environment. The paper should further explain why corporations are spending time reviewing their mission statement and why this has become an increasing concern for the organization. Mission Statement and Its Impact The main benefit of crafting an effective mission statement is that it creates an impact to people who get exposed to it. According to Abrahams (2007), a well-crafted mission statement serves as a â€Å"practical focus for individuals within the corporation†. This means that company statements often inspire and influence certain needs and aspirations of the organization and its employees. When assimilated into the organization’s culture, mission statements become an integral part of the strategic planning process of the company (David & Pierce III, 1987). In other words, it helps company managers and employees to stay focused on the organization’s goals. However, a mission statement is not only be beneficial to people within the company but also to its target audience – customers, investors, and possibly donors. Birbaum (2004) emphasized the significant impact of a company ’s mission statement to its customers because it is what defines them. When people are presented with an organization’s statement of intent, it gives them a clear picture of what the organization is trying to do. Because of these reasons, mission statements are considered as â€Å"an actual blue print for a company’s future and ultimately, its success† (Abrahams, 2007). When the organization successfully integrates the goals and values expressed in its mission statement and acts according in accordance to its principles, then it secures its morale and strengthens its reputation as a company. On the other hand, when a company succumbs to weaknesses and failures inside and outside the organization, its morale crumbles and its reputation becomes shaky. Mission Statement and Its Limitations An organization’s mission statement is central to its business strategy. As such, it is important that company statements should be, according to Bart and Tabone (1 998), â€Å"enduring (i.e., they should not have a time frame); passionate (i.e., they should be emotionally charged); and lacking in specific quantitative measurements (i.e., financial goals)†. However, Grunig & Kuhn (2008) further extends these characteristics of mission statements into reasons why it should be flexible and dynamic. The authors argued that while a mission statement does not include a time frame for its validity, it should nevertheless remain under review

Americas Next Top Model Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Americas Next Top Model - Essay Example Description actually evolves as new forms of reality shows emerged. The list could be endless as more and more "audition" types and freak-games sprout. Betts went as far as laying out the basic rules for reality programs as "either elimination of contestants in a high-handed or low-minded procedure, or revelation by a spontaneous uncovering of their flaws, conceits or pettiness," (Betts, 2004) with un underlying message that these kind of shows could be of little, or no relevance to people and persons involved except for some rewards for the winners. Starting out with a gem or a germ of an idea is the first crucial stage of every television or even movie and other performing arts production. How is this going to be done, who, when, how, why. The same thing can be said for "America's Next Top Model." First it was just a flash in the mind. Then, the idea jumped out to a drawing board, until it starts taking a skeleton of a shape, then, it has taken form and meat. Jumping off from the success of "American Idol", the fashion world takes a reality program for its own, run by its supposedly creator Tyra Banks", a supermodel herself. The next step after a germ culminated as an idea is to find out the costs in producing the show. Costing: There are two categories for production cost as the cyber college (2005) pointed out: above the line that pertains to performances and production elements like talent fee, script, music, office services, marketing and promotions. Below-the-line include the physical elements like stage, studio, sets, props, wardrobe, graphics, transportation, production equipment, studio facilities, editing, and the technical personnel that includes the stage manager, engineering personnel, video recording operators, audio operators, and general labor. The specifics now follow: 1. Pre-production costs that include putting up the idea into one solid material of project proposal that includes the script, technical descriptions and production abstract. The process of getting financers and technical backers. Estimate*: $ 800,000.00 2. Location scouting and related travel expenses refers to finding out the best possible area for main production site, in America's Next Top Model case, in a luxurious Los Angeles mansion where the young women contestants may have their own room and move freely, at the same time accommodating the technical staff or crew. Expenses for travel during the rounding off of places and spots are included in here until the final touches and detailing. Estimate*: $ 500,000.00 3. Studio rental includes the budget for venue for the professional appearances where catwalk performances as well as general modeling audition will take place. Estimate*: $ 50,000.00 4. Sets and set construction is the beautification concept where the production design will be applied. This includes the process of making the studio appear like a Victoria's Secret runway, the stage, the judges' table and a background that will evoke the ramp

Group Leadership Project Reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Group Leadership Project Reflection - Essay Example In short, the male-superiority power. Even now in so many countries of the world, especially the third-world countries, women are beaten and thrown in dark rooms. This has given men the nerve to regard women as the followers and not as the leaders. Nevertheless, the women of today have fought tooth and nail to change that ideal and establish themselves also as the leaders. They have same or even better qualifications as men. They have equally better opportunities as men to come forward, and so now they are almost seen as the leaders of the new-world. Today women acquire all leaders’ positions as lawyers, professors, ministers, though not without difficulty. What worked well: Researches, who wanted to work for women and in their favor, and wanted to escalate their position to leaders, have struggled to define leadership qualities that were needed in general, and were possessed by women in particular. Importance of leadership is evident from how well the organization handled by that leader is managed, employee performance and success of the organization. There is also a form of leadership termed as emotional leadership. The women have been found to be better at this leadership as they are more emotionally able to penetrate their colleagues. The women are more attached to their families and so they are opted more and more for these positions. As women are just as competent as men in all fields of work so they are taking part in all possible fields too, like technical, educational and political. The Civil Rights Act of 1991 established a concept of glass-ceiling. According to this, women are able quire good to and safe positions in any... According to the report findings the women of today have fought tooth and nail to change that ideal and establish themselves also as the leaders. They have same or even better qualifications as men. They have equally better opportunities as men to come forward, and so now they are almost seen as the leaders of the new-world. Today women acquire all leaders’ positions as lawyers, professors, ministers, though not without difficulty.As the paper stresses  there is a form of leadership termed as emotional leadership. The women have been found to be better at this leadership as they are more emotionally able to penetrate their colleagues. The women are more attached to their families and so they are opted more and more for these positions. As women are just as competent as men in all fields of work so they are taking part in all possible fields too, like technical, educational and political. The Civil Rights Act of 1991 established a concept of glass-ceiling. According to this, women are able quire good to and safe positions in any business organization but are not able to rise to the surface; this declaration has helped in distinguishing reasons for women’s inability to not be able to rise to power. A work, published by center for leadership, outlined the problems, faced by women when it comes to breaking this glass-ceiling. And it also gave formulas for success early in their careers.

Dhat Syndrome: Sexual Behaviour and Psychiatric Comorbidity

Dhat Syndrome: Sexual Behaviour and Psychiatric Comorbidity Original Research Article Title: Dhat syndrome and its association with sexual behavior and pyschiatric comorbidities in Indian males Sahu R.N, MD (Psychiatry), Head and Professor, Co- Authors: Sharma V K, MD, WHO Fellow (USA), Head and Professor, Department of Medicine Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India Ashutosh Kumar, Lecturer, Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India Chintan Bavishi, Lecturer, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India Balaji More, Assistant Professor, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Karad, Maharashtra Title: Dhat syndrome and its association with symptoms, sexual behavior and comorbidities in Indian male patients Abstract: The Context (Background): Dhat syndrome is often taken as culture bound syndrome of Indian subcontinent. There are many misconceptions which form base of symptoms and comorbidities. Aims: Dhat syndrome is reported on basis of self diagnosis. The study aims to study associated symptoms, sexual behavior and comorbidities in Indian population. Methods and Material: This cross-sectional and case-control study, was carried with help of trained local interviewers at Department of Psychiatry and Medicine, Gandhi Medical College (GMC), Associated Hamidia Hospital, Bhopal, India. Cases were compared to healthy matched controls. The study was conducted using clinical interview, physical examination and other necessary investigations like urine analysis and microscopy. Results: Of the 50 cases and control, each, age group was 21 to 25 years (48%) and education upto12th class (60%). 20% cases reported history of Masturbation. Extramarital or premarital sexual contact was found to have little significance on the syndrome. 76% of the patients met DSM-IV Diagnostic Criteria for Anxiety and 56% patients met for Depression. 23 patients (46.3%) were having a co-morbid somatic complains like bodyache, weakness and fatigue. Erectile dysfunction by 34% Premature ejaculation by 8% was reported. In Urine routine analysis and microscope no oxalates or phosphates were noted. Conclusions: Dhat syndrome is more common among low educated young population. Laboratory evidence of any pathological cause was not found. Contrary to popular belief, it had no direct correlation with masturbation and pre and extra marital sexual contact. Key Words: Dhat Syndrome, Semen, Sexual behavior, Somatic symptoms, Erectile Dysfunction Introduction Dhat syndrome is a Culture bound syndrome.1 But it has been mentioned in medical history and reported by population worldwide. The culture has profound impact on the mental status of an individual. According to International Classification of Diseases (ICD) – 10 had classified Dhat syndrome had been classified in both neurotic disorder (F48.8) and into culture specific disorder caused by ‘undue concern about the debilitating effects of the passage of semen.’ The cases are always self reported and they often report a set of symptoms. These vague somatic symptoms are fatigue / bodily weakness, headache, depression3, anxiety, loss of appetite, palpitation / tachycardia, guilt, poor concentration, forgetfulness.2 Due to existing belief it is often associated as a result of masturbation and being sexually active outside marriage. The comorbidities include erectile dysfunction, premature ejaculation and impotence. Patients reported semen loss in urine or involuntarily outside (spontaneously; while sleeping; during defecation; or while showering) of sexual relations.4 A typical profile of Dhat Syndrome patient either is a young man, unmarried or recently married, less educated, and the one who holds strong traditional beliefs.5 This category of disease involves mixed disorders of behavior, beliefs, and emotions which are of uncertain etiology and nosological status and which occur with particular frequency in certain cultures. The cultural belief and pattern associated with Dhat syndrome make it different from delusional disorder. 6, 7 Material and Methods: The study is a case-control cross sectional study, aimed to evaluate the symptoms, beliefs and comorbidities related to Dhat syndrome. The study and control group of 50 each was assessed. The study was conducted at Gandhi Medical College (GMC), Associated Hamidia Hospital, Bhopal, India. Study group of 50 subjects was selected who had Dhat syndrome without any other organic disorder at OPD of Psychiatry Department. The control group of 50 patients was shortlisted from the Medicine Department. They were not diagnosed for Dhat syndrome and were matched with the case group in most aspects. Both groups were interviewed based on a structured interview. Inclusion criteria: Case group: Complain of whitish discharge in the urine and associating it with symptoms and comorbidities Fulfilled DSM-IV TR criteria apart Consenting to clinical interview Control group: Inpatients who were not suffering from Dhat syndrome though they were suffering from other medical ailments Matched in other aspects with the case group Consenting to clinical interview Exclusion criteria: Presence of Genitourinary disorder Testicular tumor Varicocele Organic sexual dysfunction Pelvic inflammatory disease Endocrine disorders Spinal cord trauma Ethics: Institutional review board and ethical committee approval was taken from GMC, Bhopal, India. All periodic adverse event reports were reported to them and appropriate guidance was taken. All interviewers were careful about ethical and legal considerations. All identification information including names, initials and hospital numbers were avoided to keep the patient details in anonymity. Written information consent after the details of the project were fully explained was obtained from all participants. There were no minors involved and hence no paternal consent involved in this study. Statistics: The data was analyzed by using statistical tests of mean and standard deviation. (P>0.005) Results: Dhat syndrome is prevalent in younger age group. Anxiety is most prevalent followed by depression. They are related to sexual symptoms as ejaculatory dysfunction, premature ejaculation and impotence. (Fig. 1) Patients associated Dhat syndrome as a direct result of excessive indulgence in sexual activity or masturbation or to nocturnal emissions. (Fig. 2) Dhat syndrome was prevalent in class of lower education, below class 12. Routine biochemical and urine laboratory evaluation was conducted for all 100 participants.Other necessary investigations were carried out as per the requirement of the subjects to exclude organicity ( Sonography and Hormone Assay). None of the reports showed presence of oxalates or phosphates. A semen analysis founded out only 1 patient had azoospermia and 2 were having oligospermia. Figure 1: Co-morbid conditions associated with patients in study group and control group Figure 2: Sexual history of patients in study group and control group Discussion As a Culture bound syndrome, Dhat syndrome has been discussed for long time. Epidemiology and prevalence is noted in history of medicine all over the world.1, 8 The Dhat syndrome is not limited to Indian subcontinent. The origin of its name had a strong relationship with Indian culture, history and mythology.9, 10 Dhat Syndrome forms an important health problem and the magnitude is also very high. In view of this it needs a proper attention and sensitization amongst the healthcare providers for the proper treatment, counseling of these patients and referring them to related specialty. The patient presenting with Dhat syndrome is typically more likely to be recently married; of average or low socio-economic status (student, laborer or farmer by occupation), came from a rural area and belonged to a family with conservative attitudes towards sex.11 The exact pathophysiology of ‘Dhat syndrome’ is not known. The study demonstrated various other symptoms and morbidities being involved along with Dhat syndrome. The prevalence in relatively younger age group can be attributed to hormonal rush.12 Majority of these individuals visited self-claimed sex specialists and traditional faith healers. The contact with these health providers not only strengthen their misconception and false beliefs, but also compel the patients to pay huge cost of investigations and drugs which are not only non-effective but also hazardous. 5 Among other studies the relationship between marital status or sexual contact outside marriage and Dhat syndrome is not discussed. This study establish contrary to the popular belief that no such cause-effect relationship exists. Dhat syndrome was most common among illiterate patients and less educated patients. There is a need for patient education and sex education in the eradication of syndrome. 13, 14 The spread of disease in all age groups indicate towards the need of patient education about the disease in India. In many cases the syndrome is under diagnosed. In general, the deep-rooted misconceptions associated with anatomical and physiological aspects of sexuality are difficult to be correct with general counseling sessions. The further work in this field is required to know: Whether Dhat is a Culture bound syndrome only in India? What is the pathophysiology behind it? Is there any relationship of it with depression, anxiety or other mental health disorder? Whether there is any relationship between puberty and Dhat syndrome. Acknowledgement: We are thankful to all the interviewers who conducted data collection. References Sumathipala A, Siribaddana SH, Bhugra D. Culture-bound syndromes: the story of Dhat syndrome. Br J Psychiatry. 2004; 184: 200-9. Bhatia M.S, Jhanjee A, Kumar P. Culture bound syndromes- a cross-sectional study from India. European Psychiatry. 2011; 26:448 Dhikav V, Aggarwal N, Anand KS. Is Dhat syndrome, a culturally appropriate manifestation of depression? Med Hypotheses. 2007; 69 (3): 698. Mehta V, De A, Balachandran C. Dhat syndrome: a reappraisal. Indian J Dermatol. 2009; 54(1): 89-90. El Hamad I, Scarcella C, Pezzoli MC, Bergamaschi V, Castelli F; Migration Health Committee of the International Society of Travel Medicine. Forty meals for a drop of blood. J Travel Med. 2009; 16(1): 64-5. Behere PB, Natraj GS. Dhat syndrome: the phenomenology of a culture bound sex neurosis of the orient. Indian J Psychiatry. 1984; 26(1): 76-8. World Health Organization (1992) International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10). Geneva: WHO. De Silva P, Dissanayake SAW. The use of semen syndrome in Sri Lanka: A clinical study. Sex Marital Ther. 1989; 4:195-204. Malhotra HK, Wig NN. Dhat syndrome: a culture-bound sex neurosis of the orient. Arch Sex Behav. 1975; 4(5): 519-28. Angst J, Gamma A, Gastpar M, et al. Depression Research in European Society Study. Gender differences in depression. Epidemiological findings from the European DEPRES I and II studies. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2002; 252(5): 201-9. Singh G. Dhat syndrome revisited. April 1985;27(2):119-122 Carroll BJ. Adolescents with depression. JAMA. 2004 Dec 1;292(21):2578 Tiwari SC, Katiyar M, Sethi BB. Culture and mental disorders. An overview. J Social Psychiatry 1986; 2:403-25 Avasthi A, Jhirwal OP. The concept and epidemiology of Dhat syndrome. J Pak Psychiatry Soc. 2005; 2: 6–8.

Black Bean Revival :: Coffee Drinks Essays

Black Bean Revival Sitting in a corner or side booth with eyes bulging and steam rising from the small bowl of brew while pondering or talking was the common site of coffee shop goers that I’ve run across in my travels. Fueled by an interest as to why people buy more coffee than books at my former employment and why my mother orders coffee through a catalog for coffee drinkers by coffee drinkers is my search for reason and understanding behind the coffee bar explosion. The coffee shop revival and interest in high priced brew by the well to do is something that has been around for some time in the more metropolitan areas. In Seattle, Washington the whole coffee shop revival for generation X hit during the time that the grunge music genre developed. Not that everyone could afford the high priced brew, but that it was a place to hang out during the day and help keep the pied eyes open. A couple popular sleeper movies such as â€Å"Singles† and â€Å"So I Married an Ax Murder† have showed how some people’s routines often gravitate to the coffee shop. The show â€Å"Friends† also shows that in a more late 90’s perspective. This would seem to characterize certain divisions in clientele, but not so here in Fargo. Like many other genres that were part of a sub-culture, they, the neighborhood coffee shop are eventually making their way to the mainstream Around this area where the coffee shop trend is growing but not totally established, you might think that the strong shops are the ones that are incorporated or affiliated with a major nationwide branch. By this I mean that the shop has a network of personnel higher on the ladder to lend support from the company at large. Now this doesn’t mean that the smaller locally owned shops such as Atomic Coffee, Noah’s and Trentino’s aren’t successful; they are and at times just as busy or more so than their chain store counterparts. About the only upper hand that national chains have on the smaller local shops is the mass marketing to consumers through other chains such as Target and Daytons. What the smaller shops tend to do is include the community more. They advertise more local happenings and going on’s such as poetry readings and poetry slams, to an open mic night that would include music and other thought provoking talents that their customers poss ess.

Religious and Thnic Groups Paper Essay

I picked Buddhism as my religious group. I am a Christian so this is interesting to me because if would have stayed in Thailand, Buddhism would be the religion that I would have learned and believed in. Buddhism is a very unique religion and it differs from all other religion out there. They do not believe in a God. Tak stated, â€Å"We don’t believe in a god because we believe in man. We believe that each human being is precious and important, that all have the potential to develop into a Buddha – a perfected human being. We believe that human beings can outgrow ignorance and irrationality and see things as they really are. We believe that hatred, anger, spite and jealousy can be replaced by love, patience, generosity and kindness. We believe that all this is within the grasp of each person if they make the effort, guided and supported by fellow Buddhists and inspired by the example of the Buddha. As the Buddha says: No one saves us but ourselves, No one can and no one may. We ourselves must walk the path, But Buddhas clearly show the way† (2011) The Four Noble Truths of Buddhism teach that life is a suffering, there is a cause of this suffering, it is possible to put an end to this suffering and the Noble Eightfold Path is the means to end this suffering. Refuge in Three Jewels is the three components of Buddhism which protect a person from the unstable world as he progresses on the path to become a Buddhist. The Five Precepts lay down the moral conduct to make human world a better place to live. These precepts prevent Buddhists from indulging in deeds that restrict spiritual growth and cause harm to others. The Three Marks of Conditioned Existence explain that everything in this world is impermanent, without substance and full of suffering. They do not have a ten commandments, no judgment day, no creation myth, no prayers for help or intervention, and let’s people find their own path though life. There are no rewards or punishments on judgment day like others. Buddhism is strictly not a religion in the context of being a faith and worship owing allegiance to a supernatural being. Buddhism has been looked upon as opposite teaching from other and this makes Buddhism have a negative experience even though they feel that it is okay and that hateful things can not cut through their skin. This is what my brother had to say about his experience with others in different religion, a member on Yahoo commented â€Å"I have experienced hate form other who don’t believe in what I believe in. And for the simple fact that I don’t worship their god. People have been afraid and confused and it’s sad that people are this way. Well people telling me that I’m going to burn in hell is just one example. Mostly I get people coming up to talk to me and I get the whole, â€Å"so are you a good Christian girl thing,† which makes me want to puke, and I say no I’m Pagan. And most people don’t even know what that means, but typically they stop talking and walk away. †( Philosoraptor, 2012) Buddhism has contributed little at a time and over time. Today we use meditation as a relaxation and even as a type of medicine. It is like yoga, has the same affect on the mind, body, and soul. The growth with Buddhism is even reaching different races, like for example Whites. Amanda Rivera said, â€Å"I think the appeal comes from the fact that the Lotus Sutra emphasizes the absolute equality of all people to be able to attain buddhahood, to attain their enlightenment. The sources of prejudice and discrimination with any religious group is that people do not know and understand the group and which fear and hate starts to set in. It is the people’s ignorance that causes the negative feelings and actions. When we talk about prejudice and discrimination a fine example would be two years ago in Kansas. The Lao-Buddhist Association [Wat Lao Buddhasampham] is trying to move its Olathe temple to a location along 119th Street in Olathe. But the Johnson County Board of Commissioners has so far denied the group a conditional use permit. Neighbors say that the area the Buddhists have chosen is zoned residential, but Lama Chuck Stanford of the Rime Buddhist Center says that discrimination is the real reason behind the opposition. â€Å"This is clearly just ugliness of ethnic and religious prejudice,† said Stanford. [†¦] Standord notes that Christian churches are common in residential areas, and that comments made by residents during a January zoning board meeting indicate fear and ignorance. At the meeting, people raised concerns about traffic, water pollution and â€Å"animal sacrifices,† along with noise from gongs, which Stanford says are no louder than church bells. Another example On Sept. 13, 2011 the U. S. Department of Justice filed a lawsuit against the city of Walnut in Southern California because the city did not allow Chung Tai Buddhist Group, originally from Taiwan, to build a worship and meditation center. The Department of Justice accused the city government of violating federal law, which states that religious groups have the same rights to use land as other building applicants, and of discriminating against the Buddhist group. The sources of prejudice and discrimination with any religious group is that people do not know and understand the group and which fear and hate starts to set in. It is the people’s ignorance that causes the negative feelings and actions in which then problems and issues occur instead of accepting that people are different and unique. I have been neutral with Buddhism but my brother believes in it. I do not judge him and I try to think critically if I speak but after doing the research I have a new understanding of my ethic religion of my biological parents. The main important thing I have learned is not asking which religion is better but what is different from what I believe in and what they believe in because that is when you can see how others think and view beliefs. Taking a look at ethnic group of Pacific Islander are different from others in the aspect that the Pacific Islanders live a very social lifestyle, in which family members, both immediate and extended, work together in a solidified community. Pacific Islanders often have difficulty balancing their traditional â€Å"laid-back† attitudes with the high pressure competitive demands of American pedagogy and marketplace economy. Pacific Islanders’ cultures follow customs and traditions based on ancient principles that promote living an honorable and noble lifestyle. Embedded deeply into the Polynesian culture are music, dance, and food. Traditional storytelling, music, and dance are ancient ways of passing down history from one generation to another. Thus teachers with students who are Pacific Islanders may want to use both written and oral instruction, particularly in areas of literacy. Pacific Islanders are in fact highly developed peoples. Our ancestors survived for centuries in remote and isolated communities having devised their own means of dealing with the elements and of maintaining social order. In the process of what is known as ‘development’, however, Islanders wrestle daily with individual demands in a market-driven world, while our consciousness continues to be haunted by a pervasive sense of our collective identity (Wickham). The main thing with interaction with other groups is that Pacific Islander are more laid back and they tend to not be up to par with the other social groups. This makes them to be â€Å"dumb† and â€Å"no gas in the think tank. † Pacific Islander has been a huge contribution to American culture in fields as varied as the arts, health care, business and military service, Asian Pacific Americans are central to our quality of life. Month of May has been declared Asian Pacific American Heritage Month which celebrates all of those that have entered into the United States and help to develop where we are today as one. Prejudice and discrimination is part of history with Pacific Islander in the past. Taiwanese-American Wen Ho Lee, for example, was targeted by the U. S. government and suspected of espionage because of his ethnicity, according to many in the Asian/Pacific Islander community. In May, U. S. Rep. David Wu, an Oregon Democrat, was detained entering the Department of Energy building in Washington, D. C. , and repeatedly asked if he was an American citizen. July, 2009 in Seattle, a group of Asian-American youths, stopped by police for jaywalking, claimed they were harassed by an officer who repeatedly asked if they spoke English and allegedly remarked, â€Å"I’ve been to your country before, when I was in the Army. † These types of prejudice and discrimination are all appearance wise and nothing more. The pure ignorance is the source for all these actions. The research was harder to do on Pacific Islander due to the fact of less records and information like other groups. The more I read the same information was being presented. I started to research other groups and I was able to find so much more information. So yes it did help me to understand them better but not to the point of really understanding them because of lack of information and data on them. Prejudice and discrimination on the two groups were similar because both of them were looked upon as physical appearance and judge by looks instead of getting to know the two and understand the two. They both been looked at as different and odd. In the beginning of the two in America they both been push around and forced into doing things that were not right at all. Harassment and anger seems to fill hate towards the two. They are different in ways of the one is being discriminated because of a practice and the other is a human being. There is not much to be different other than that. Discrimination and prejudice looks the same, acts the same, and smells the same. Not much difference because it is all out of uneducated assumptions, anger, hatred, and intolerance. References Philosoraptor, M. (2012). Yahoo! Answers. Retrieved from http://answers. yahoo. com/question/index? qid=20120229093706AAHWC2Q Swee, T. (2013). Buddhism-Major Differences. Retrieved from http://www. buddhanet. net/e-learning/snapshot01. htm Tak, Y. (2011). Comparing Buddhism With Other Religions. Retrieved from http://wfcs. buddhistdoor. com/OldWeb/passissue/9612/sources/comp. htm Rivera, A. (2011). Why Is American Buddhism So White. Retrieved from http://www. thebuddhadharma. com/web-archive/2011/11/9/forum-why-is-american-buddhism-so-white. html Wickham, A. WACC. Retrieved from http://www. waccglobal. org/en/19973-indigenous-communications/929-Hidden-perspectives-on-Communication–Culture-in-the-Pacific-Islands-. html.

Essay on Oral Automobile and Cyclists

Essay on Oral Automobile and Cyclists Essay on Oral: Automobile and Cyclists Firstly, something needs to be done to help make the roads safer for motorists and cyclists alike. Here are just 3 things that can be done to help improve safety on the roads. Volvo are creating a detection system in their cars that will alert the driver that a cyclist is in their blind spot. By having this system built into cars this will eliminate the possibility of a driver turning into a cyclist. This system needs to be built into all cars so that there is no risk to cyclists that might go unseen by careless drivers. As of now there are only systems that alert drivers of cars in their blind spots but why are we only worried about other cars on the road? We don’t just share the road with cars, we also share it with cyclists. Another possibility of making cyclists safer on the roads would be to widen bike lanes. Although it is not illegal for cyclists to ride abreast, side by side, it can still be a major inconvenience for motorists to have to get around them to allow enough room for the cyclist. Motorists have to allow at least 1 metre of space for a cyclist in a 60 zone and 1.5 metres in any speed zone higher than 60. When a pair of cyclists are riding abreast it is unsafe for a motorist to allow that much space for the cyclist because they will have to drive on the other side of the road. If bike lanes were widened then it would be possible for cyclists to ride abreast but still be in the bike lane and have adequate room on the road for a motorist to pass safely. Also, more money needs to be funded into advertising cyclist safety. The government needs to put in the work to educate people on how to safely share the road with cyclists. The government needs to focus on keeping all road users safe and by starting advertising campaigns on cyclist safety the number of cyclist deaths and injuries may begin to drop. LINK SENTENCE BACK TO TOPIC SENTENCE Secondly, it’s up to motorists and cyclists to work together to share the road safely. For motorists they need to make sure that they are aware of their surroundings at all times. If they are going to be trying to overtake a cyclist they need to make sure that they allow adequate room to provide the cyclist safety. Some motorists need to show some consideration for cyclists. Not all motorists will consider a cyclists safety when driving past them. Even when turning left through a bike lane, motorists need to make sure that there are no cyclists coming past. Not all blame can be place on motorists, cyclists also have a responsibility to keep themselves safe on the road. Cyclists need to make sure that they are riding predictably. Some cyclists will swerve in and out of parked cars; a cyclist who rides like this is putting themselves at risk. Not all motorists will be expecting a cyclist to come swerving out into their path. A cyclist may also need to show some courtesy to driv ers. If a pair of cyclists are riding abreast and they know that cars are approaching, although it is legal for them to ride like that they could show some courtesy to motorists and ride in single file while the cars pass. By cyclists showing some courtesy motorists might show more respect to cyclists and then motorists and cyclists can share the road safely. LINK SENTENCE Thirdly, some people may say that cyclists are reasonably safe and that the death toll of motorists is much higher and therefore more should be done to lower that count, however any death is one too many and more can be done to increase cyclist safety. In 2014 the TAC had a total of 22,012 cyclist injuries reported. Although only 1,569 of those injuries required hospitalisation, this is still an overwhelming number of people who were put in harm’s way. Even if the person who was injured didn’t need to go to hospital for their injuries, they could still have gone through a lot of mental

How Putonghua Is Used in Mainland China

How Putonghua Is Used in Mainland China Mandarin Chinese is known by many names. In the United Nations, it is known simply as Chinese. In Taiwan, it is called Ã¥Å"‹è ªÅ¾ / å› ½Ã¨ ¯ ­ (guà ³ yÇ”), which means national language. In Singapore, it is known as è  ¯Ã¨ ªÅ¾ / Ã¥ Å½Ã¨ ¯ ­ (hu yÇ”), which means Chinese language. And in China, it is called æ™ ®Ã©â‚¬Å¡Ã¨ © ± / æ™ ®Ã©â‚¬Å¡Ã¨ ¯  (pÇ” tÃ… ng hu), which translates to common language.   Different Names Over Time Historically, Mandarin Chinese was called Ã¥ ®ËœÃ¨ © ±/Ã¥ ®ËœÃ¨ ¯  (guÄ n hu), meaning speech of officials, by the Chinese people. The English word mandarin meaning bureaucrat, is derived from Portuguese. The Portuguese word for bureaucratic official was mandarim, so they referred to Ã¥ ®ËœÃ¨ © ±/Ã¥ ®ËœÃ¨ ¯  (guÄ n hu) as the language of the mandarims, or mandarim for short. The final m was converted to an n in the English version of this name. Under the Qing Dynasty (æ ¸â€¦Ã¦Å"  - QÄ «ng Cho), Mandarin was the official language of the Imperial Court and was known as Ã¥Å"‹è ªÅ¾ / å› ½Ã¨ ¯ ­ (guà ³ yÇ”). Since Beijing was the capital of the Qing Dynasty, Mandarin pronunciations are based on the Beijing dialect. After the fall of the Qing Dynasty in 1912, the new Peoples Republic of China (Mainland China) became more strict about having a standardized common language to improve communication and literacy across rural and urban areas. Thus, the name of Chinas official language was rebranded. Instead of calling it national language, Mandarin was now called common language, or æ™ ®Ã©â‚¬Å¡Ã¨ © ± / æ™ ®Ã©â‚¬Å¡Ã¨ ¯  (pÇ” tÃ… ng hu), starting in 1955. Putonghua as Common Speech PÇ” tÃ… ng hu is the official language of The Peoples Republic of China (Mainland China). But pÇ” tÃ… ng hu is not the only language spoken in China. There are five major language families with a total of up to 250 distinct languages or dialects. This wide divergence intensifies the need for a unifying language that is understood by all Chinese people. Historically, the written language was the unifying source of many of the Chinese languages, since Chinese characters have the same meaning wherever they are used, even though they may be pronounced differently in different regions. The use of a commonly spoken language has been promoted since the rise of the Peoples Republic of China, which established pÇ” tÃ… ng hu as the language of education throughout the Chinese territory. Putonghua in Hong Kong Macau Cantonese is the official language of both Hong Kong and Macau and is the language spoken by the majority of the population. Since the ceding of these territories (Hong Kong from Britain and Macau from Portugal) to the Peoples Republic of China, pÇ” tÃ… ng hu has been used as the language of communication between the territories and the PRC. The PRC is promoting greater use of pÇ”tÃ… nghu in Hong Kong and Macau by training teachers and other officials. Putonghua in Taiwan The outcome of the Chinese Civil War (1927-1950) saw the Kuomintang (KMT or Chinese Nationalist Party) retreat from Mainland China to the nearby island of Taiwan. Mainland China, under the Maos Peoples Republic of China, saw changes in language policy. Such changes included the introduction of simplified Chinese characters and the official use of the name pÇ” tÃ… ng hu. Meanwhile, the KMT in Taiwan retained the use of traditional Chinese characters, and the name guà ³ yÇ” continued to be used for the official language. Both practices continue up to the present time. Traditional Chinese characters are also used in Hong Kong, Macau, and many overseas Chinese communities. Putonghua Features PÇ”tÃ… nghu has four distinct tones which are used to differentiate homophones. For example, the syllable ma can have four distinct meanings depending on the tone. The grammar of pÇ” tÃ… ng hu is relatively simple when compared with many European languages. There are no tenses or verb agreements, and the basic sentence structure is subject-verb-object. The use of untranslated particles for clarification and a temporal location is one of the features that make pÇ” tÃ… ng hu challenging for second-language learners.

The Next Industrial Revolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Next Industrial Revolution - Essay Example Realizing the current state of the environment, he has one consistent theme, ‘we need a new design’. He likens it to a building which was built in the past with no regard for its structural design, but in the present, buildings cannot be built without taking into consideration a lot of factors, one of which is the environment, because things have changed, and in most cases, for the worst. Sustainable design The challenge that William sought to meet was designing an economy that would be pedagogical in its design and maintenance. The Adam Joseph Lewis Centre For Environmental Studies is an example of such as it borrows its design concept from a tree which is self sustaining in its nature. The Adam Lewis Centre stands as the first of its kind because it sustains itself in every single activity; waste management to its own energy supply. The Herman Miller brand is another of its kind which relies on solar income to sustain the factory. It is called ‘The Green House Fa cility. It got the first ever ‘Good Design is Good Business’ Award from Business Week magazine. Even though it cost 15% more than a comparable building, energy cost decreased by 30% and performance rose dramatically. They produced twice as much with the same number of people. Over half of the employees maintained a 100% attendance record, which showed that it was a good working environment. Regulation-System Failure The majority of the companies despite heavily polluting the environment with their products and their waste, all hide behind the phrase, ‘it’s proprietary, it’s legal’. The current environmental laws do not stop pollution, they only slow it down. They do not realize that in their quest to achieve maximum profits in the shortest times; they are cutting short the lifespan of the environment, in effect shortening their lives. Companies that have embraced Sustainable Economy DESIGNTEX which is a leading designer and manufacturer of tex tiles for commercial interiors wanted to create a product both environmentally friendly and profitable. Its executive got in touch with William McDonough and Michael Braungart and decided to follow through with the company’s goal. The Swiss Chemical Giant CEBA-GEGY was convinced to work with them accepting that it was very risky. The McDonough Design Protocol tested 1600 dyes provided by CEDA-GEGY to determine whether they caused illnesses and found only 16 met the required standards. This was enough. They set out from day one with no compromise on aesthetics or performance. Profits increased, workers became contented and customers were satisfied. William went to Nike and asked them to incorporate sustainable design into their products. The question was whether Nike would take the financial risk after all the success they had had with their status quo. After intensive research, in May 2001, Nike introduced a new rubber sole free of harmful ingredients, which gelled with the c oncept of sustainable design. The new design also protects their workers’

Administrative Challenges Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Administrative Challenges - Essay Example Majority of corrections officers are employed by the government of the country they work in, although some are employed by the private sector. The roles of corrections officer can vary from one facility to another, but they usually include maintaining discipline, order, and peace within the facility, implementing the rules and regulations of the facility as well as relevant laws, transporting inmates to other correctional institutions, to courts, or into the community (for example, escorted day-pass, medical appointments, etc.), providing tactical response for hostage-takings, riots, and other ongoing crises and emergencies, providing first-response in events such as medical emergencies, fire, riots, assaults, etc., and search environs and inmates for illegal imports. On the whole, their job is to ensure the control, custody, rehabilitation, and care of persons who have been found guilty of a crime and sentenced to serve time in jail or in a prison or who have been arrested and are a waiting trial while on remand, as well as to ensure the security and safety of the facility where they operate in itself. Being a corrections officer is an honor, since one gets to serve the country and help in maintaining peace and order. Helping an inmate through the process of rehabilitation is also probably a good feeling, knowing that one has played a role in turning somebody into a better person. However, being a corrections officer is also challenging. It is undeniably one of the most stressful jobs there is. A researcher once observed that any social structure or organization which includes a group of individuals who do not want to be there and a group of individuals who see to it that they stay there is a social structure or organization under stress (Brodsky, 1982). This description fits exactly the setting of a jail or prison with inmates who do not want to be there, and corrections officers making sure that they do not escape. Numerous studies and interviews have been co nducted to know more about the stress experienced by corrections officers and the findings show that there are numerous causes of stress, either work-related or organization-related. One of the work-related causes of stress is the threat of violence among or from inmates. Another one is the actual inmate violence, which includes inmates assaulting or killing staff or other inmates, hostage-taking, inmate suicides, and riots. Actual inmate violence not only causes stress for corrections officers as it happens, but also afterwards, as the anxiety of officers is increased after critical happenings by the after effects of job insecurity, blaming, scapegoat-ing, and recriminations (Freeman, 1997). Manipulation attempts and persistent demands by some inmates are also a major source of stress for corrections officers; for example, an inmate makes additional food or cigarette requests with a promise to control other inmates or not to cause any trouble. Problems with co-workers also prove to be stressful; as a matter of fact, according to a survey, 22% or corrections officers regarded â€Å"other officers or staff† as more stressful than any other factor apart from having to deal with inmates that are difficult and aggressive (Marston, 1993). Some of the conditions that can bring about stress among co-workers include officers battling for restricted, choice assignments, improper behavior toward inmates (e.g. taking questionable disciplinary actions, becoming too

Technology and Social Media Communication Analysis Essay

Technology and Social Media Communication Analysis - Essay Example Analysis of Various Technologies and Social Media Communication Tools The conception of social media can be defined as an effective process of communicating with other. It is often viewed to be a medium of social interaction. The various technologies for communication include televisions, computer systems along with the medium of internet and mobile phones (The states of Queensland, 2006). Conversely, the various tools of social media comprise different online websites such as Twitter, YouTube, Flickr and Facebook among others (The International Association of Assessing Officers, 2009). Intended Purpose of Using Technologies and Social Media Communication Tools The major purpose of using different technologies and social media communication tools is to build effective communication with different users in the community. The technologies and the different social media tools can be viewed as effective business tools for several organizations by which they can promote their valuable pro ducts by a significant level (Brand Protect Inc., 2010). . Strength One of the chief strengths of employing various technologies and different social media tools is that these aspects possess greater accessibility of varied information. It has been apparently observed that the different business organization use the tools of social media for growing their brand awareness, improving sales and most importantly attaining significant competitive position over the chief business market competitors. Thus, it can be stated that the different tools related to social media strengthens the financial viability of the organizations (Brand Protect Inc., 2010). Weakness One of the chief weaknesses of using effective technologies and different tools of social media is time consumption. The tools might take much time to navigate the required information relating to any subject matter (Brand Protect Inc., 2010). Ethical Consideration With regard to the ethical consideration, the business corporation s along with the government should remain much conscious about the misuse of different tools of social media that might impose unfavorable effects upon the community (Eid, 2009). Existing Norms and Protocols One of the significant norms of social media is maintaining the privacy of accessing different information of the users. The various business organizations or the individuals should prioritize this important social norm concerning privacy as well as protecting their respective profiles in order to share their information in an organized manner (Talking Climate, 2012). In relation to the social norms, it has been viewed that one of the major protocols of social media is registration. In this similar context, the business organizations should follow the Code of Conduct relating to social norms while performing business operational functions. Moreover, the legislations such as the ‘Data Protection Act 1998’, ‘Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000’ an d ‘Telecommunications Regulations 2000’ can act as significant protocols for social media. These protocols relating to social media facilitate investigating and detecting the unauthorized usage of different telecommunication systems such as internet usage. The business organizations or any individuals are advised to follow the social media norms as well as protocols in order to share

Punctuality and Time Essay Example for Free

Punctuality and Time Essay Advantages: If we be punctual, we can finish up our work at right time. Punctuality checks unnecessary wastage of time. Time is very valuable for us. We can save it only by punctuality. Time and tide wait for none. Seconds, minutes, hours and days pass by in right order. There is a maxim We should hold the time by the forelock. If we be punctual, a single second of us will never go waste. The English men are very punctual. They put on wrist-watches to exercise punctuality. But we, the Indian put on wrist-watches only as ornaments for show. We cannot progress. If we do not be punctual. Punctuality helps us in our progress. It also saves money in other ways. There is a saying. A stitch in time saves nine. So, if we take our food punctually, we will never be sick and so we will never have to spend money on medicines and doctors or to worry our near and dear ones in this connection. And this principle applies well in all other cases. Conclusion: Everybody should be punctual in his everyday life. Every students should make a habit of punctuality. The people who have become great in their lives are very punctual. Punctuality is the first condition for becoming great in life. So, punctuality should be the motto in our life. We should not only be punctual ourselves but also advise others to be punctual. Related Articles.

The Rise And Fall Of Kingfisher Airlines

The Rise And Fall Of Kingfisher Airlines Kingfisher is a major airline based in Mumbai, India. It is the fifth Indias airlines that provide largest passenger airline in which international and domestic flights are provided to the customers with very flexible fares. Kingfisher is one of the largest airlines in India and it was established in 2003. It is owned by the Bengaluru based United Breweries Group. Basically the commercial operations are started in 9 may 2005 with the fleet of four new Airbus A320-200s Operating flight from Mumbai to Delhi. Then the next international operations are started on 3 September 2008 by connecting from Bengaluru to London. The Kingfisher airline has been facing financial issues for many years. Kingfisher airlines have the second largest share in the air travel market till December 2011. However due to the astringent financial crisis faced by the Kingfishers airline, it has now the fifth largest market share currently and only above Go Air Airlines. Kingfisher Airlines is one of the only seven airlines that are awarded 5-star rating by Skytrax along with Cathay Pacific, Qatar Airways, Asiana Airlines, Malaysia Airlines, Singapore Airlines, and Hainan Airlines. Kingfisher operates 250 daily flights including domestic and international services. Kingfisher Airlines carry more than 1 million passengers which help the Kingfishers Airlines to make the highest market share among all other airlines in India in May 2009. Kingfisher also holds the Skytrax award for one of the Indias best airline of the year 2011. Background: Main issue of the downfall of the Kingfisher Airline. All things are going in a very good manner and kingfisher is at its peak but in 2005 the airline faced many problems in the operations, the Airlines then reported as in loss. But the situation become worst when the new airlines called Air Deccan is adopted by the Kingfisher airline in 2007. Due the collaboration with the new airline the Kingfisher suffered a loss of over Rs. 1,000 Crore continuously for 3 years. In the Starting of 2012, the staff of Kingfisher airline is going on strikes and it also faced a very big loss of over Rs. 7,000 Crore with half of the money is bankrupted. In this tough situation the faces mainly faced financial problem and to overcome the situation the airline went for loans, so that they can cover it. But the heavy interest and debt, in November 2010, the company adopted a way to decrease the burden the airline adopted debt restructuring on those total 18 leading lenders, those have landed total Rs. 8,000 crores, they agree to cut the interest the rates and convert part of loan into equity. As per the contract the lenders have to convert the debt into shares which is converted into equity. Due to this company able to cut down the average interest to 11% and save Rs. 500 Crore every year in the interest cost. The use of the strategy Debt restructuring also didnt help the airline a lot; no doubt by using this it reduced the interest charges by Rs. 500 crores every year, but due to the high increase in cost and many other factors the company started faced problems of liquidity. Due to no funds available the company also faced these types of problems like delayed salary there are over 6,000 workers which are working in the company and after the financial crisis company have delayed salaries of the staff that will affect the workers a lot because they are working like the same and we can say they are working more than normal but these type of problems decrease the workers morale and dissatisfaction factor also arises. Due to the non-availability of the funds they are also many things that will effect like due fuel, Service tax, Air craft lease rental due and many more. Current Situation: Problem still continues Kingfisher airlines started to cast down into fresh crisis. Many flights are cancelled and many aircrafts are grounded. The company shut down many important international operations and closed the booking of the tickets. Kingfishers have many aircraft and only few were operating and presently very less airplanes are operating and this dropped highly in market share. Main leading State bank of India also not giving more loans to the company unless they pay the previous amount. Now a day it is very hard situation for kingfisher airlines in recent months. The service of airline provided by Vijay Mallya is not glamorous as it was previous times because many flights are cancelled when customers are waiting to departure and this will underestimate a lot to customer. The management is main issue here in the Kingfisher airlines they need some expert CEOs that help to check the activities every day but Vijay Mallya is the only one that control the whole company this may be the biggest cause of downfall of the kingfisher airlines. In big organizations lots of discussion and suggestions are needed that help to make any decision easily. This causes which disturbs the relation between the employees and Vijay Mallya because there must be some time given to each and every employee so that they feel motivated and feel their suggestions or any need of help are given by the company, this help them to stay satisfied and they work with their full effort. Vijay Mallya always kept saying that the reason behind downfall of company is that the rising fuel pricing and other factors contributed the downfall of the company. But there are other factors also. Some other reasons that also contribute to the downfall of the kingfisher airline: Sociological: Now a days traveling by plane is not a big issue because there are lot of airlines from which we can select any one according to our financial status. Every flight has its own way of treating passengers because in todays world going one place to another is not a big deal all matters how was our journey what are the experience and how comfortable are you in the whole journey. As being a 5 star airline they provide good service to the passengers but the prices are also very high only the high profile or above the economic level people adopt Kingfisher airline. Due to the luxurious level of treatment they are willing to pay more than other airlines charge. But they have to be economical so every economic person can also have the experience this type of luxurious treatment this also help them to gather more and more customers. Technological: In todays world technology plays a great role in any type of the company. Kingfisher airlines dont provide a TV screen on the back of the seat, so that every passenger has its own personal TV. Now people use technology they want to do the whole work with the help of internet and do all the work while sitting in their home. This also attracts customers to do all the booking while relaxing in their home and they dont need to stand in the long queues on the ticket counters. Economical: Now a days economic issues is a major concern because people are now check not only the luxurious treatment they also check whether it is worth going or not. There a lot of bank credit options that are available in the case of travelling this are also the reason that affects the sales of the aviation industries. In India there are lot of factors that affect the organisation like the inflation, interest rates and recession. There are government policies that effect the organisation a lot. There are lot things which have to consider while planning the economic factors because that depend a lot on the success of the organisation. Ecological: Nature also effect the aviation industry a lot because the climate affects a lot on the aviation industry weather should be stable in the time of the flights because if the climate is not good they are delayed and this disturb the customers a lot. Passengers who pay so many amounts to get good service and comfortable journey in between if something happen this disturbs a lot. If something happen like delay in the flights airline have to provide facility and accommodation for the customers this costs a lot to the airlines but they have to do for the passengers to calm them down and this help them to understand the problem and they dont take any chances to lose the customers because if the customer have any bad experience they might not go next time with the same flight because they are many others options available to them. In India weather is stable for most of the time and passengers are not use to these type of situation so aviation industry must be prepared if any thing happens. Political: In India in every 5 years government changes and also it is a democratic country. Kingfishers have great benefit of this because the owner of kingfisher Vijay Mallya have good political network which helps to their airline. No doubt, the political network is great but this not always help because all have to follow the government policies and rules. Legal: Rising Fuel pricing is also the main issue in India. The aviation industries have to pay large amount of money for fuel. To overcome this problem aviation industry increase of decrease the level of services to the passengers which help them to cover it up. Ethical: Indians are very ethical people they always think before buying anything they always check which thing is good for them and also gives some benefits to them. Like in India there a lot stationary products which are collaborated with some non-profit institute or any other institute which gives some amount when someone buy it, majority of people willing to buy that product because they help the needy people. In past Kingfisher gives value for the money that is why people are willing to give more money after all kingfisher airline is the 5 star rated airlines. Analysis: No doubt kingfisher airlines are one of the successful airlines in India. But there are lot pros and cons there which lead them to downfall of the successful airline. Pros: Kingfisher is one of the luxurious flights in India. Kingfisher is a well-known brand and the financial status of the organization is very good. The connections between the political and the owner of the Kingfisher airlines are very strong. Kingfisher has a strong relationship with parent United Breweries Group which supports them a lot. The customer service is very healthy. Kingfisher provide very luxurious journey to the passengers. The staff is highly trained and very professional with customers. Cons: The management practices are very poor and the organization structure is not formed properly. Kingfisher airline is not producing the expected returns from they are spending. Sales are getting lower and lower due to cancellation and delayed flights which customers dont like it. Due to the 5 star brand of the company it is spending more than normally which is very hard to recover the money. Things need some changes: There are lots of things which are needed to be change which help the kingfisher airlines to recover. Aviation industry is now days are very popular and competition is getting tough and tough. To successfully run the aviation industry there are many things which have to keep in the mind while successfully run the business. In Kingfisher only the owner Vijay Mallya is having the direct control on the business and due this there is problems occur. In kingfisher there is huge network and there are many employee works there and to satisfy the needs of the employee only one person cannot keep it. There must be some professionally and fully trained CEO must be hired to control whatever is the situation. Vijay Mallya also taken wrong step while cutting the salary of the employees and even the salaries are delayed for many months and according to the Herzbergs Motivator-Hygiene Model the customers are Dissatisfied because they are not getting the salary on time. In the recession period of Kingfisher airlines they also misbehaved with some customers due to the frustration and this will lose their customers. In this period the Kingfisher airlines introduced a new airline called Kingfisher red to cover some expenses because it is comparatively low cost. Once there is an incident occurs passengers booked the ticket for Kingfisher Airlines and when they come to the flight the realize that this is not Kingfisher fisher this is Kingfisher red and when the passenger asked for that then they asked that there is technical issue in the website it was not distinguishing the two airlines differently but this is not a valid reason because as I said earlier that the technology plays a great role in todays world people are now days very techno used and they know which flight they are booking. The main question is that why the kingfisher is running a cheap airline after all Kingfisher is one of the top brand 5 star airline this reduces the reputation of the airline and also misbehaving with customers also give wrong impact on them so to handle this Kingfisher airlines must be have some arrangement to handle this type of stuff. To do so experience staff is required and if any conflicts occur then handle them with care so that no passenger get upse t and feel biased everyone should be treated same. Competition also have a major issue because while competing with other Aviation airlines they have to consider so many expects that will affect the Kingfisher airlines because other airlines provide more facility and there low cost of the fare attracts the customers, But Kingfisher Airlines have to do some strategies so that they can keep their customers. Competition is not only with Aviation industry in India majority of people will go for the low cost carriers in India. Railways are also competitors because now Indian Railways are safe mode to travel and they cost very less as compared to airline. So to plan according to the budget of the airlines and equally economical to the people, trained CEOs are required to do the job done well. Owner of Kingfisher airlines Vijay Mallya also done one more thing that they only targeted the passengers that are willing to pay more than normal. They only need luxurious treatment, this is a good but in the time period of 2005 to 2008 is very easily earned money period for Kingfisher and Vijay Mallya also make so much profit then he invested money on others places like Cricket, Alcohol and many more. Due to the easy money Mallya expanded a lot their empire that is very difficult to handle and this is one of the reason which makes the Kingfisher into trouble. Kingfisher Airlines have to take following step to make things good: With lot of increase in loss of Kingfisher airlines and overdue of tax, fuel suppliers and airports and only few of the flights are working. If they want to again successfully run the business then promoters need to invest some money first then the Kingfisher airlines firstly clear the due of fuel and overdue of the tax with this money and then they should step up the ladder of success. The morale of the employees should be considered first because they are the very important to the Kingfisher airline especially the staff and pilots they should never be dissatisfied. So Kingfisher airlines should must clear all the due of the salary of the employees because due to unpaid they have to suffer and their families also suffer with them. They cant afford to lose quality pilots and if this will continue it may be happen that the plant should shut down in future. Aircrafts used in the Kingfishers used now is very less and due to the mismanagement of the staff and between the owner leads them to failure because as I discussed earlier Mallya always have the direct control of the business and may be some factors that are left which are not considered by Mallya that affects a lot to the Organization. The perception of the Owner may be somehow wrong that is why the organization structure should be clear and should be made by various talented minds that help to success of the airlines. Conclusion Kingfisher is one of the leading and successful airlines in India. The reason behind the downfall of the airline is mentioned above and there are many other factors which also the reason behind the downfall of the Kingfisher airline. The organizational structure is mainly the major concern in the Kingfisher airlines. In starting the kingfisher is at its peak at that time period is the best time to expand the business but due to the huge benefits the staff and pilots and the expenses is also become more and more and to successfully manage it many talented person are required, no doubt they have experienced staff and luxurious treatment they give to the passengers but to organize the whole staff and the airline only Vijay Mallya is having the direct control on it and this occurs misunderstanding. When the business is having great profit then we must have to more alert because when this happen the other competitors always try to get trouble so we cant make profits. Like the other competitors of kingfisher is giving more facility and the cost of other airlines are also less than it is difficult to manage for Kingfisher airlines because they are the very luxurious and the cost of the flights are also high because due to the brand name they have to treat the passengers like they are treated previously and this is very difficult to handle but this can be handled by professionals so that the passengers not feel and change but this strategy gives benefits to the airline and various strategies are required to do it. Some of them are mentioned above but the organization behavior plays a great role to manage the people in the organization. This helps the staff and employee and higher status persons and owner to successfully run the business and maintain a healthy relation between them.